Ionexchange chromatography and its applications intechopen. Principles and applications of highperformance ion. Ion exchange chromatography, which is also known as adsorption chromatography, is a useful and popular method due to its. Ion chromatography is used extensively in the modern chemical analysis laboratory.
It can be used for almost any kind of charged molecule including large proteins, small nucleotides and amino acids. At any specific ph the protein or mab will have a net charge that is governed by the. Ppt ion exchange chromatography powerpoint presentation. Protein separation with ion exchange membrane chromatography by liming cao a thesis submitted to the faculty of the worcester polytechnic institute in partial fulfillment to the requirements for the degree of master of science in chemical engineering by liming cao may 2005 approved. Ionexchange columns may have either positive or negative groups, giving anion or cation exchangers respectively.
What is ion exchange chromatography and its applications. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Take care to remove all air bubbles trapped in the column. This book focuses on the plateequilibrium theory of chromatography, which is less difficult theoretically than the masstransfer theory. Both chemists and biochemists have routinely employed this technique for the purification of. Ion exchange chromatography iec is an efficient method for separating small and medium size proteins molecular weight up to 70,000, and widely used not only in laboratory but also in biotechnology production processesl6 iec is also used for the separation of much larger biomolecules such as. Thus, the two main controlling factors in ion exchange chromatography are. Ion exchange chromatography is a technique used to separate molecules according to their charge, for example, it can be used to purify charged molecules such as proteins, amino acids and nucleotides. Zare 1department of chemistry, stanford university, stanford, ca 943055080. The representative schemes below are for an anion exchange process.
Analyte and mobile phase are initially always polar andor ionic. First, a packed column containing either anion or cationexchange resin is equilibrated using buffer. Two ion chromatography instruments are available for this experiment. Shuichi yamamoto, eiji miyagawa, in progress in biotechnology, 2000. Ionexchange chromatographic method for the determination of the.
Key steps in the ion exchange chromatography procedure are listed below. Ionexchange chromatography is a type of chromatography where ions or polar molecules can be separated by their interactions mostly by reversible adsorption with oppositely charged ionexchange groups immobilized on an insoluble support. Ion exchange chromatography is a process for separating proteins and other molecules in a solution based on differences in net charge. Jackson dionex corporation, sunnyvale, usa 1 introduction 1 1. Ion exchange chromatography biocompare editorial article. Due to its ironsteelfree design, the agilent 1260 infinity bioinert quaternary lc system was able to withstand the. Ionexchange chromatography an overview sciencedirect topics.
Ion chromatography is a specific implementation of a more general technique, high performance liquid chromatography. The objective of this experiment is for students to learn the principles of ion exchange chromatography by separating two charged molecules using a twostep salt gradient. Nov 30, 2012 one popular option for protein separation is ion exchange chromatography iex, which separates molecules by charge. Wash the resin by eluting 50 ml of 6 m ammonium hydroxide to remove any metals present as anionic species. Its large samplehandling capacity, broad applicability particularly to proteins and enzymes, moderate cost, powerful resolving ability, and ease of scaleup and automation have led to it becoming one of the most versatile and widely used of all. It is usually used for protein purification but may be used for purification of oligonucleotides, peptides, or other charged molecules, the protein of interest must have a charge opposite that of the functional group attached to the resin in order to bind.
There are two general principles involved in ionexchange chromatography. However, with anionexchange groups containing pyridine moieties, csh c 18 is positively charged only below approximately ph 5. Akta laboratoryscale chromatography systems handbook. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Ion exchange chromatography iec allows for the separation of ionizable molecules on the basis of differences in charge properties. Separation in ion exchange chr omatography depends upon the r eversible adsorp tion of char ged solute molecules to immobilized ion exchange gr oups of opposite charge. Typically, ion exchange chromatography matrices are loaded in low ionic strength buffers. Tswetts initial experiments involved direct visual detection and did not require a means of quantitation.
Ionexchange chromatography or ion chromatography is a process that allows the separation of ions and polar molecules based on their charge. First, a packed column containing either anion or cation exchange resin is equilibrated using buffer. The role of ion exchange chromatography in purification and. The column arrangement forces the ionexchange reaction. Regulatory support files contain details of performance, stability, extractable compounds and analytical. After rehydration add a 2ml collection tube to the bottom of the spincolumn and centrifuge for 1. Other articles where ionexchange chromatography is discussed.
Ionexchange chromatography is one of the most widely used forms of column chromatography. High capacity, high resolving power, mild separation conditions, versatility and wide speared applicability, tendency to concentrate the sample relatively low cost 3. The role of ion exchange chromatography in purification. These methods are ion pair chromatography 3, ion exchange chromatography 4 and ion exclusion chromatography 5. Chromatographic methods for protein purification ispybio.
Fill two chromatography columns at least 35 cm long and 1. Modelling glucosefructose separation by adsorption. Ionexchange chromatography an overview sciencedirect. If you were paying attention during your chem 447 lectures, you learned that modern ionexchange chromatography systems setup for the determination of inorganic ions generally utilize suppressor columns or membrane systems in conjunction with conductivity detection for the most sensitive measurement of the separated ions. Ion chromatography in environmental analysis peter e.
In this laboratory we will use ion chromatography to analyze a variety of small anions and cations. For anionexchange columns, this involves protonating the resin, ensuring it is positively charged. Guide to ion exchange chromatography 5 protocol samples the spincolumns are supplied dry and need to be rehydrated, the bed of ion exchange resin with starting buffer allow 1015 minutes for rehydration. Ion exchange chromatography, also called adsorption chromatography, is based on a reversible interaction between a charged molecule in solution and an oppositely charged group on the matrix or stationary phase. Much more frequently the exchanger is packed into a tube or column through which the solution is made to flow. Application of ion chromatography to the investigation of.
Guide to ionexchange chromatography 5 protocol samples the spincolumns are supplied dry and need to be rehydrated, the bed of ionexchange resin with starting buffer allow 1015 minutes for rehydration. Charge ion exchange chromatography iex size size exclusion chromatography sec, also called gel. Gloves and safety goggles should be worn as good laboratory practice. Ion exchange chromatography definition or ion chromatography is a process that allows the separation of ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. Also to introduce to us the idea of ion exchange chromatography and how compounds can separated for analysis due to their molecular charges. Basic principles and application of dialysis buffer are recommended i. Mobil phases consist an aqueous buffer system into which the mixture to be resolved. Porosity of ion exchange beads can be categorized as nonporous.
Ion exchange separations may be carried out in a column, by a batch procedure or. Positive cationic or negative anionic charge moieties are directly linked to the chromatographic matrix. Rubinson and rubinson, contemporary chemical analysis, chapter 8. Protein chromatography kits will aim to cover some of the chromatography techniques routinely used in protein purification. Protein separation with ionexchange membrane chromatography. The solution to be injected is usually called a sample, and the individually separated. Biomolecules are purified using chromatography techniques that separate them according to differences in their specific properties, as shown in figure 1.
Only rarely are ion exchangers used in stepwise procedures, in which the resin is mixed into a container of solution and then removed for further treatment. Chem 2115 experiment six separation of a mixture by ion. Sep, 2012 ion exchange chromatography is one of the most frequently used techniques for purification of biomolecules and separates the molecules according to differences in their net surface charge. It works on almost any kind of charged moleculeincluding large proteins, small nucleotides, and amino acids. Ion exchange chromatography is one of the most frequently used techniques for purification of biomolecules and separates the molecules according to. Charged substances are separated by column chromatography with resins that carry charged ionic groups. Ion exchange chromatography is used t o separate charged molecules, including proteins, from complex biological samples. Ion exchange chromatography iex separates biomolecules according to differences in their net surface charge. Triton is a trademark of union carbide chemicals and. Principles of highperformance ionexchange chromatography ionexchange chromatography of polypeptides ionexchange chromatography separates proteins by charge primarily through electrostatic interactions between charged amino acid side chains and the surface charge of the ionexchange resin. Modern ic was first introduced in 1975 by small et al. Other areas of application include food research where fplc ion exchange can be used in the and in clinical research where ion exchange chromatography has been used in studies such as the relationship between postpartum depression and.
Property technique charge ion exchange chromatography iex, chromatofocusing cf. Liquid chromatography is a powerful technique to separate and purify organic compounds. In this process, ions are variously adsorbed from solution onto materials with ionic charges on their surface and separated from the rest of the sample. Jan 05, 2014 ion exchange chromatography or ion chromatography is a process that allows the separation of ions and polar molecules based on their charge. For anion exchange columns, this involves protonating the resin, ensuring it is positively charged. After the dating elements have been isolated, they are loaded into a mass spectrometer and their. Ion chromatography or ionexchange chromatography is a chromatography process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. Pdf modeling glucose fructose separation by adsorption. In a similar fashion, ionexchange chromatography can be used to convert a known quantity of an unknown salt into an acid or a base.
After rehydration add a 2ml collection tube to the bottom of the spincolumn and centrifuge for 1 minutes at rpm. Ionexchange chromatography is generally a fourstep process. Guide to ionexchange chromatography harvard apparatus. In next weeks laboratory you will use column chromatography.
Principles of highperformance ion exchange chromatography ion exchange chromatography of polypeptides ion exchange chromatography separates proteins by charge primarily through electrostatic interactions between charged amino acid side chains and the surface charge of the ion exchange resin. Protein separation with ionexchange membrane chromatography by liming cao a thesis submitted to the faculty of the worcester polytechnic institute in partial fulfillment to the requirements for the degree of master of science in chemical engineering by liming cao. This handbook is designed as an intr oduction to the principles of ion exchange chromatography and as a practical guide to the use of the media available fr om pharmacia biotech. The chromatographic repeatability of the separation from run to run was investigated using a 1. Under these conditions, charged macromolecules will be retained by the stationary phase bearing the opposite charge. A detailed description on the procedure is available in the instruction for use included with the. Ionexchange chromatography iec allows for the separation of ionizable molecules on the basis of differences in charge properties. Ion exchange chromatography is coined by sm l st ve al, e ns, b aum ann. Nonvolatile buffers for cation exchange chromatography. Abstract ionexchange chromatography is also called ion chromatography is a process that allows the separation of ions and polar molecules based on the charge properties of the molecules. Ionexchange reaction ionexchange procedures britannica. Ion exchange in analytical chemistry provides a broad survey of the important role that ion exchange can and should play in chemical analysis. Ion exchange chromatography the wolfson centre for applied.
Most ion exchange experiments ar e performed in five main stages. Ion exchange chromatography is generally a fourstep process. Elution of protein is performed by increasing of salt concentration or changing ph. Ion exchange chromatography iex is a chromatographic separation method essentially based on the net charge of the protein, and is generally used to follow deamidation and succinimide formation. Negatively charged molecules bind to positively charged solid supports and positively charged molecules bind to negatively charged supports. Brewer from the chemical corps biological laboratories, camp detrick, frederick, maryland received for publication, august, 1951.
In the case of proteins, charge is a function of the molecules amino acid composition and the ph of the buffer relative to the molecules isoelectric point pi. Ionexchange chromatography iec is a subdivision of liquidsolid chromatography, but its importance is such that it deserves special mention. Ion exchange chromatography which is designed specifically for the separation of differently charged or ionizable compounds comprises from mobile and stationary phases similar to other forms of column based liquid chromatography techniques 911. Ion exchange chromatography definition of ion exchange. Principles and applications of highperformance ionexchange. There are two general principles involved in ion exchange chromatography. Ion exchange chromatography is based on the attraction that positively or negatively charged ions and molecules have for anything with an opposite. Nowadays, chromatography is not only a separation technique.
A new mixedmode reversedphaseanionexchange stationary. They grab molecules based on their charge and release. The mixture components are separated with ion chromatography and quantified by complexometric titration. Ionexchange chromatography which is designed specifically for the separation of differently charged or ionizable compounds comprises from mobile and stationary phases similar to other forms of column based liquid chromatography techniques 911. Ion exchange is ideal for initial capture of proteins because of its high capacity, relatively low cost, and its ability to survive rigorous cleaning regimes. Proof of performance analysis of proteins by anion. Ion exchange chromatography an overview sciencedirect topics. One is configured for anion analysis and the other for transition metal detection. Ion exchange columns are easy to use, but the theory behind their use is extremely complicated.
Dec 01, 2011 ion exchange chromatography parsa karthik m. Still, nonspecific interactions with proteins due to hydrophobic or. Manual media selection, method development and optimization. In a similar fashion, ion exchange chromatography can be used to convert a known quantity of an unknown salt into an acid or a base. Ion exchange chromatography the separation and purification of various elements by ion exchange chromatography takes advantage of the variation of the electrostatic bond energies of ions in solution. In this application note, we show the separation of four proteins by anion exchange chromatography using four different high saltcontaining elution buffers up to 2 m for linear and step gradients. Experiment six separation of a mixture by ion exchange objective the objective of this experiment is to determine the composition of a mixture of metal salts. Ionexchange reaction ionexchange reaction ionexchange procedures. Application of ion chromatography to the investigation of realworld samples rebecca j. It can be used for almost any kind of charged molecule including large proteins, small nucleotides, and amino acids. Although ph does not influence the charge of a strong ion exchange matrix, it will influence the charge on the macromolecules in solution. Iex resins do exactly what the techniques name implies. Impurity evaluation of heparin sodium by anion exchange. A column with a solution flowing through it is a nonequilibrium system, and its interpretation must consider not only equilibrium distributions but rates of transfer of material and statistical variations in the paths of liquid flow between the granules that make up the exchanger.
Ion exchange chromatography thermo fisher scientific. Atlantis beh c 18 ax is endcapped to reduce the concentration of residual silanols and to improve the base stability of the stationary phase. The operating ph in ion exchange chromatography is selected to. However, ion chromatography must be done in conditions that are one unit away from the isoelectric point of a protein. Ion exchange chromatography ion exchange chromatography is the purification technique, which involves the separation of the proteins based on the ions exchange. One popular option for protein separation is ion exchange chromatography iex, which separates molecules by charge. Anion exchange chromatography of green fluorescent. Experiment six separation of a mixture by ionexchange objective the objective of this experiment is to determine the composition of a mixture of metal salts. Ion chromatography in environmental analysis 1 ion chromatography in environmental analysis peter e. An impure protein sample is loaded into the ion exchange chromatography column at a particular ph. Ion exchange chromatography an overview sciencedirect. The hiscreen column format has been specially designed for screening and optimizing before scaling up the. Thus, the two main controlling factors in ion exchange chromatography are the ionic charge z and the ionic radius r. Ion exchange chromatography separates molecules based on differences between the overall charge of the proteins.